What type of agents are included in utility-modifier adjuvants?

Utility-modifier adjuvants primarily serve to enhance the efficacy of pesticide applications by improving the physical and chemical properties of the spray solution. Dispersants and stabilizing agents are vital components of this category, as they help improve the distribution of active ingredients and maintain their stability in the mixture.

Dispersants play a crucial role in preventing the agglomeration of particles, allowing for a more uniform distribution of the active ingredients across the target area. Stabilizing agents contribute by ensuring that the formulation remains homogenous over time, preventing separation or settling that can occur in liquid formulations. This is particularly important when applying aquatic herbicides, as it promotes consistent coverage and effectiveness.

The other options, while they include important components related to adjuvants, do not fully capture the specific role and purpose of utility-modifier adjuvants in the context of enhancing the effectiveness of pesticide applications.